b'1831, John Hales Survey emphasizing salt works Courtesy, Maps of Antiquity J ohn Hales survey in 1831 (note north a bit left of top per indicator at lower left corner) shows Chatham (population then over 1300), when there were many wind-powered saltwater pumps in town due to lack of water power from rivers and streams.The collection of salt from seawater by solar evaporation made Chatham a major salt producer, and Hales survey shows 39 salt farms with their windmills depicted by his symbol of rectangles grouped together (note red circles highlighting some of them).Upper left, note the buoy in now Pleasant Bay marking the town lines of Chatham, Harwich and Orleans.That buoy continues to represent the intersection of those town lines in 2012.Note also the Brewster town lines which show Brewsters small footage of shoreline on Pleasant Bay.1855, Chart showing the 1846 breach of Nauset BeachCourtesy, Maps of AntiquityT his 1855 chart represents an early effort to provide information for navigation (water depth, bottom character, currents and breakers, obstructions, aids to navigation such as Chatham South Light, one of the Twin Lights).Note well north of Chatham South Light and east of Ministers Point and Cotchpinicut Island the 1846 break through Nauset Beach (note arrow).The location of that natural event is remarkably close to the 2007 breach through Nauset Beach, a barrier beach with a long history of movement southerly and westerly with periodic breakthroughs.Dr. Graham Giese, in reports of 1978 and 2009, documents that history which describes a Chatham barrier beach cycle of changes recurring approximately every 160 years (www.pleasantbay.orgGraham S. Giese et al, Provincetown Center for Coastal Studies, 2009 A Geomorphological Analysis of Nauset Beach/Pleasant Bay/Chatham Harbor for the Purpose of Estimating Future Configurations and Conditions for The Pleasant Bay Resource Management Alliance).4'